“Forward My Brave Boys: A History of the 11th Tennessee Infantry” at August Round Table

On Sunday, August 14th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present local author and Round Table member Gary Waddey, who will speak on “Forward My Brave Boys: A History of the 11th Tennessee Infantry.”

In early 1861, men from Davidson, Dickson, Hickman, Humphreys and Robertson counties were recruited to Confederate service, prior to the vote for Tennessee to leave the Union.  The 11thTennessee saw action early in Kentucky and was among the first to see heavy fighting at Stone’s River. They later served in the Chattanooga and Atlanta campaigns where they suffered heavy losses. On November 30th, 1864, the 11th Tennessee was among those Confederate troops breaking the Union defenses at Franklin in hand to hand combat around the Carter House.

A lifelong resident of Nashville, Tennessee, Waddey received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Business Administration from Vanderbilt University in 1978. Shortly afterwards, he joined Northwestern Mutual, remaining with the company 32 years until his retirement in 2011.

A longtime member of the Hillsboro-West End Neighborhood Association, Waddey currently serves on the Investment Advisory Committee for the City of Oak Hill, Tennessee. Writing on a regular basis, he publishes historical articles for the Williamson County Historical Society Journal and is a regular contributor to the Hickman County Historical Society Newsletter. His recently released history of the 11th Tennessee Infantry (CSA), Forward My Brave Boys, is published by the Mercer University Press. 

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit http://www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

“Cleburne’s Last Campaign” at July Round Table

On Sunday, July 10th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present author and historian Lee White of the National Park Service who will speak on “Cleburne’s Last Campaign.”

Western Theater experts contend General Pat Cleburne is one of the most underrated and perhaps significant general officers of the Confederacy. White will recount Cleburne’s role in Hood’s Tennessee Campaign of 1864, and the final compelling story of his death at Franklin. 

White is Park Ranger serving at the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park where he leads tours and other programs.  He is the author of several articles and essays on topics related to the Western Theater and is the editor of Great Things are Expected of Us: The Letters of Colonel C. Irvine Walker, 10th South Carolina Infantry CSA.  In 2013 he released Bushwhacking on a Grand Scale: The Battle of Chickamauga, as part of the Emerging Civil War Series.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and will meet for this month only at the historic Franklin Masonic Lodge, 115 2nd Ave South, in Franklin. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com.

“The Legacy of Arthur MacArthur” at June Round Table

On Sunday, June 12th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present author and historian Dr. Chris Kolakowski, who will speak on “The Legacy of Arthur MacArthur.”

Kolakowski, currently the Executive Director of the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia, will recount the experiences of Arthur MacArthur, who fought and was injured at the Battle of Franklin. He will also recount the many other notable ties the MacArthur family had to Tennessee.

Kolakowski received his BA in History and Mass Communications from Emory & Henry College and his MA in Public History from the State University of New York. He has served as a historian and interpreter with the National Park Service, the State of New York, and the Kentucky State Park system. He has written extensively and spoken on military leadership, the Civil War, the American Revolution and both World Wars. Kolakowski has authored The Civil War at Perryville: Battling for the Bluegrass and The Stones River & Tullahoma Campaigns: This Army Does Not Retreat.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit http://www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

“Bite The Bullet” at April Round Table

On Sunday, April 10th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present Dr. Anthony Hodges, who will present his unique program on Civil War medicine, entitled, “Bite The Bullet.”

Dr. Hodges will give an overview of the techniques used by the military physicians of the 19th century to treat battlefield wounds and disease during the war years. Authentic Civil War medical instruments will be shown to help illustrate the medical and surgical treatments used by Federal and Confederate doctors. Hodges will describe the results of those treatments, and how they contrast with the techniques of our modern military medical system.

Dr. Hodges attended the University of Alabama, graduated from UT Chattanooga and the University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences in Memphis with a D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) degree in 1981. He has lectured on the topic of Civil War medicine for nearly forty years. Dr. Hodges assisted Dr. James I. "Bud" Robertson of Virginia Tech and Broadfoot Publishing in the re-printing of the U.S. Army's official twelve volume medical account of the Civil War, The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War. He now serves as president of the Friends of Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Military Park and also as Vice President of the Tennessee Civil War Preservation Association. He is Vice President of East Tennessee Historical Society and the Museum of East Tennessee History in Knoxville and on the Advisory Board of the Charles H. Coolidge Medal of Honor Heritage Center in Chattanooga.

Dr. Hodges became interested in early American and Civil War history as a young child due to family history passed down to him by elderly relatives in North Alabama. He began to collect Civil War artifacts as a young boy, and items from his collection have been displayed in national parks and museums across the South. He has served as a National Park Service living history interpreter for over thirty years. Married with three grown children, Dr. Hodges resides on Elder Mountain, just outside Chattanooga.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit http://www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

“Conduct Unbecoming an Officer” at March Round Table

On Sunday, March 13th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present author and historian Dr. Steve Davis, who will speak on “Conduct Unbecoming an Officer.”

Davis will present his controversial assessment of General John Bell Hood’s performance after the Tennessee campaign. Davis has researched the Army of Tennessee, especially the Atlanta campaign, and was one of the first to dispel the notion that General Hood was under the influence of any type of drugs during the Spring Hill affair before the Battle of Franklin. Davis will delve into the many fascinating and debated details of Hood’s life and military career.

Davis earned a Ph.D. in American Studies, his M.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a B.A. from Emory University. He has written more than one hundred articles on the Civil War and served as the book review editor for Blue and Gray Magazine. His books include Atlanta Will Fall: Sherman, Joe Johnston and the Yankee Heavy Battalions, (2001), What the Yankees Did to Us: Sherman’s Bombardment and Wrecking of Atlanta (2012), and A Long and Bloody Task: The Atlanta Campaign from Dalton through Kennesaw to the Chattahoochee (2016). He has also been a consultant and speaker for various documentaries including broadcasts from Georgia Public Broadcasting.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit http://www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

The Natchez Area During and After the War at February Round Table

On Sunday, February 14th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present City of Franklin alderman and preservation activist Pearl Bransford, who will speak on “The Natchez Area During and After the War.”

The Natchez area west of the Carter House is an often overlooked part of the Franklin Battlefield.  The area, now known as the Natchez Historical District, is rich in African American history not only during the Civil War, but post-war as well. This unique presentation will explore the slave and landowner relationships in the area, where military activity took place and the settling of the area during Reconstruction. Bransford will lead the discussion along with local author and historian Thelma Battle. Heritage Foundation historian Rick Warwick will assist in the presentation with his extensive knowledge of Franklin’s richly diverse communities.

Bransford is a graduate of Tennessee State University and earned her M.S. degree from Vanderbilt. She has served in the health care industry and has been a Franklin alderman for several years. She has served on the Franklin Special School District board and in other community leadership roles. Bransford has been active in historic preservation especially in support of recent efforts to reclaim key parts of the Franklin battlefield.

Thelma Battle is a well-known Williamson County author and historian and was the inspiration for the Thelma Battle Collection at the Williamson County Library. She has been published in several history related journals and her book, Rainy in the House and Leaking Outdoors, spotlights the lives of one hundred of Franklin’s most influential women of color over the last several generations.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

Order Out of Chaos: Retreat Through the Gap at Nashville at January Round Table

On Sunday, January 10th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present author and historian Joe Johnson, who will speak on “Order Out of Chaos: Retreat Through the Gap at Nashville.”

On the second day of the Battle of Nashville, with Confederate troops arrayed in a line stretched too long and too thin to hold, the federal attack sent the once-proud Army of Tennessee into a chaotic, running retreat. While the main body withdrew southward down Franklin Pike, a little known drama was unfolding among the men of the Confederate left, who had been cut off by the Union swarm. Johnston will tell the story of the Arkansas brigadier with a cool head, who led a textbook fighting retreat through a gap in the Brentwood hills that saved thousands of Confederate soldiers.

Johnston is a regular contributor to numerous history publications including America’s Civil War, the Wild West and U.S. Naval History.  He has recently published through the Missouri History Museum details of Wild West vigilantism which played a major role during the Civil War in Missouri.

The event is free to the public. The Franklin Civil War Round Table is an educational program of Franklin’s Charge, and meets each month at Carnton Plantation's Fleming Center, 1345 Eastern Flank Circle. For more information, email fcwrt@yahoo.com, or visit http://www.franklinscharge.org/the-round-table.

The Founders, the Evolution of America, and the Road to Civil War

On Sunday, December 13th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present historian and author Eric Jacobson, who will speak on “The Founders, the Evolution of America, and the Road to Civil War.”

The question and key issues on how a new country found itself on the path to a bloody civil war only eighty-four years after achieving independence are found in the complex maze of compromises, personalities and economic pressures facing young America. Jacobson, with an assist from Round Table founder Greg Wade, will discuss the issues and events that led to this Civil War.

Jacobson is the CEO of the Battle of Franklin Trust and author of For Cause and For Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill and the Battle of Franklin, considered a contemporary classic on the 1864 Tennessee campaign. His latest book, Baptism of Fire, presents three Federal regiments who had not seen combat but played a critical role in the outcome of the Battle of Franklin. A Minnesota native, Jacobson has been studying the Civil War for twenty five years and resided in Arizona before coming to Middle Tennessee in 2005.

Round Table Moves to New Location!

The Franklin Civil War Round Table (FCWRT) is delighted to announce our future programs will be held at the Carnton Plantation’s Fleming Center beginning with the December 13, 2015 event. We are extremely excited to be holding our presentations at Carnton and greatly look forward to this new relationship. Meeting on the actual battlefield will enhance the educational experience we strive to provide to our members on the entire Civil War era.

For the last several years, the FCWRT has met at the Franklin Police Headquarters Community Room, and we thank them for their help and hospitality. Moving forward we sincerely appreciate the warm reception from the Battle of Franklin Trust and their Chief Executive Officer, Eric Jacobson.

Nothing else will change. The presentations will still begin at 3:00 PM on the second Sunday of every month. Parking is plentiful and members can enjoy the Carnton bookstore before the sessions begin.

The Franklin Civil War Round Table official membership is now over 125 members including family and individual memberships.  We appreciate your support and attendance at our programs!

Civil War Sentinels: Franklin’s Antebellum Buildings

On Sunday, November 8th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host local historian Rick Warwick, who will speak on “Civil War Sentinels: Franklin’s Antebellum Buildings.”

The Civil War weighed heavy on Williamson County, and although the participants and residents have long since gone, there are still witnesses to the war in its surviving antebellum buildings. Warwick will share his incredible collection of Franklin war-time photographs of buildings and the battlefield and the stories they continue to tell.

Warwick, the long time editor of the Williamson County Historical Society Journal and a former county educator, has written some 18 books on various county topics including several involving the Civil War years. These include Williamson Country: Civil War Veterans, Williamson Country: The Civil War as Seen through the Female Experience and Historical Markers of Williamson County.

Warwick is active in local preservation having served on several boards including The Carter House, Carnton Plantation, the Heritage Foundation and Franklin’s Charge boards. He is currently serving on the African American Heritage Society of Franklin and is a member of the Tennessee Historical Commission.

The Civil War Along The Cumberland Plateau

On Sunday, October 11th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host professor,, author, and historian Dr. Aaron Astor, who will speak on the his new book, The Civil War Along Tennessee’s Cumberland Plateau.

The terrain, the people, and the politics of the Cumberland Plateau combined to become the perfect setting for the most vicious guerrilla warfare outside of Missouri. The violence was epitomized by the rivalry between the Confederate Champ Ferguson and the Unionist Tinker Dave Beaty. The landscape, full of hidden hollows, gorges and streams, provided perfect cover for those who preyed on the local populace in the name of war. These guerilla fighters ranged from murderers, opportunists and psychopaths with no loyalties to local farmers trying to protect their families. The bitter conflict affected thousands of Tennesseans and its effects are still felt today.

Dr. Astor is associate professor of History at Marysville College in East Tennessee. He has written numerous articles on the Civil War era focusing largely on the Upper and Border South. In 2013, Louisiana State University Press published his first book, Rebels on the Border: Civil War, Emancipation and the Reconstruction of Kentucky and Missouri, 1860-1872.

Astor is currently president of the East Tennessee Civil War Preservation Association and is on the board of the Tennessee Civil War Preservation Association, the Blount County Historical Museum and the Blount Historic Trust.  He received his Bachelor’s Degree in Philosophy from Hamilton College (NY) and earned his Ph.D. in History from Northwestern University. He resides in Maryville with his wife, Samantha and their children.

The 1861 Project at September Round Table

On Sunday, September 13th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host songwriter and producer Thomas Jutz, who will speak on “The 1861 Project.”

Created by Jutz, The 1861 Project is a 3-CD collection of songs about the soldiers and civilians touched by the Civil War, and features artists such as Marty Stuart, John Anderson, Kim Richey, Bobby Bare, Sierra Hull and many others. The third volume contains emotional and haunting songs about the Battle of Franklin, such as “Two Miles of Lightning,”  “City of the Dead” and “Hallowed Ground.” Jutz will play many of these songs and discuss the ideas behind The 1861 Project.

A native of Germany, Jutz studied and played blues, rock and country, winning national competitions before studying classical guitar at the University of Stuttgart.  He came to Nashville in 2003 producing albums for numerous artists including Country Music Hall of Fame member Mac Wiseman. Many of Jutz’s compositions have been used in movies and television series worldwide.  He was awarded a SESAC award for his work with Grammy Award-winning artist Nanci Griffith and was part of the Nashville 2013 Leadership Music program.

The 1861 Project was performed before a packed house at the Franklin Theater during the sesquicentennial events in the fall of 2014.  The executive producer of the project, Paul Schatzkin, will also speak. Schatzkin provided the photography used on the 3-CD series. Among other credits, he was the film editor for over fifty episodes of the television series, Barney Miller.

The Tullahoma Campaign at August Round Table

On Sunday, August 9th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host author, historian, and tour guide Gregory S. Biggs, who will speak on “The Tullahoma Campaign.”

Prior to June 27th, 1863, the Confederate cavalry in the West consistently dominated their Federal counterparts. Leaders like Nathan Bedford Forrest, Joe Wheeler and John Hunt Morgan had easily handled their Northern opponents. But at Shelbyville, Tennessee, during the Tullahoma Campaign, the Federal cavalry in the West and its commanders came into their own as a formidable fighting machine.

Biggs has written articles for Blue & Gray magazine, Civil War Regiments Journal, North-South Trader, and other publications. He is considered an expert on Civil War flags and had consulted with numerous museums and authors, and has presented flag programs at the Museum of the Confederacy and the National Civil War Museum among others. Biggs has founded and helps lead several Round Tables, lectures across the country, and has led numerous tours of the Western Theater of the war.

Reclaiming the Franklin Battlefield

On Sunday, July 12th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host community leader and preservationist Julian Bibb, who will present “Reclaiming the Franklin Battlefield: An Update.”

The acquisition of core battlefield property in Franklin has increased in pace and acreage since the 2005 purchase of the Eastern Flank property. Much has been accomplished and much remains to be done. Julian Bibb will update the efforts to establish the Carter Hill battlefield park next to The Carter House. He will discuss recreation of the Cotton Gin and future plans for the park.

Bibb, an attorney with Stites & Harbison, works tirelessly for the betterment of life in Franklin and Williamson County. He is a founding member of Franklin’s Charge, and in 2011 was awarded the Shelby Foote Preservation Legacy Award for battlefield preservation by the Civil War Trust.

June Round Table Visits Historic Hiram Masonic Lodge

On Sunday, Jun 14th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will meet at the historic Hiram Masonic Lodge No. 7 to hear historian Rachael Finchspeak on the history of the building before, after, and during the Battle of Franklin. There will also be a display of historic artifacts.

Hiram Masonic Lodge is one of Franklin’s oldest structures and a key witness to both the Civil War and Reconstruction. Founded in 1809, it is the oldest lodge in continuous use in Tennessee. The site of the signing of the Treaty of Franklin in 1830, it was used as a hospital for the wounded after the Battle of Franklin.

Finch is a Research Historian for the Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area and works on many heritage related projects including a partnership with the Hiram Masonic Lodge.  She conducts research and writes text for the Civil War Trails program, speaks at teacher workshops encouraging innovative approaches to better understanding of the Civil War period, and works to improve communication between historic sites and preservationists.

Finch received her B.A. in History and Political Science from Metropolitan State University in Denver and received her M.A. in Public History from Middle Tennessee State University. She has served as research consultant for the Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission and Nashville Public Television documentary, “Desperate Days: Last Hope of the Confederacy” and has authored numerous history related magazine articles.

Religious Interest in the Civil War: 1861-1862

On Sunday, April 12th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host historian and author Dr. Kent Dollar, who will present “Religious Interest in the Civil War: 1861-1862.”

Religion played a major role in both the life of the Civil War soldier and the politics of the war at the national level. Waves of religious fervor swept the ranks and the nation. Dr. Dollar, Associate Professor of History at Tennessee Tech University will give an in-depth exploration of the role of religion during the war years.

Dollar has authored “Soldiers of the Cross: Confederate Soldier-Christians and the Impact of War on the Their Faith,” published by Mercer University Press in 2005, and has co-edited several other books on this topic.  His latest project is “Border Wars: Tennessee and Kentucky in the Civil War,” to be released later this year.

Thinking in Pictures and Sound: Making Civil War Films

On Sunday, March 8th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host historian, writer, and filmmaker Robert Lee Hodge, who will present “Thinking in Pictures and Sound: Making Civil War Films.”

Hodge has a wide range of experience working in the national media in the area of Civil War history and research. He has appeared in dramas such as ABC’s North and South, and TNT’S Gettysburg and Andersonville. Hodge has worked at the National Archives and Library of Congress as a researcher for nationally known Civil War experts and was the principal researcher for the Time-Life series Voices of the Civil War and The Illustrated History of the Civil War.  More recently he has been featured on the National Geographic Channel and Time   magazine.

Hodge has been a student Civil War since age four and over the years has appeared on productions such as the NBC Late, Late Show and National Public Radio’s Talk of the Nation.  He has written for the Nashville Tennessean, The Washington Post, and the magazines  America’s Civil War and North and South.

An active preservationist, Hodge has organized battlefield preservation fundraisers that have garnered over $140,000 for the purchase of endangered battlefield lands, including Franklin. He serves on the board of directors of the Central Virginia Battlefields Trust which has saved over 1,000 acres of Virginia battlefields.  His Emmy award-winning documentary of the Battle of Franklin was shown during the Franklin Sesquicentennial in 2014.

The Lost Papers of General John Bell Hood

On Sunday, February 8th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present Stephen “Sam” Hood, who will speak on his new book, The Lost Papers of Confederate General John Bell Hood, which is being released just in time for his presentation.

A few years ago Hood, a descendent and vigorous defender of Army of Tennessee General John Bell Hood, discovered a cache of formerly unknown papers of the general stored in the closet of a direct descendant. These papers, including correspondence with a “who’s who” of the Confederate high command, post-war letters, medical logs and other priceless documents, shed a new light on the embattled Army of Tennessee commander.

Stephen Hood lives in West Virginia and is a graduate of Marshall University, a retired building contractor and a Marine Corps veteran. He has served on various historical boards including Confederate Memorial Hall in New Orleans and the Blue and Gray Educational Society. His first book, John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall and Resurrection of a Confederate General, was published in 2013.

Divided Loyalties: Life Behind the Lines at January Round Table

On Sunday, January 11th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will present Gregory L. Wade, who will speak on “Divided Loyalties” and the incredible challenges for civilians during the Civil War.

While Civil War battles are well researched, documented and discussed, life behind the lines has not been as deeply explored. The home front was often an atmosphere of divided loyalties and tensions where citizens were not united in their political views. Soldiers home on furlough were often hunted down by neighbors loyal to the other side. Foraging was usually a polite term for “stealing,” with starvation a real threat in many areas of the South before the war ended.

Gregory L. Wade was raised in Chattanooga, where stories from his grandmothers ignited his love of history, especially the Civil War.  After graduation from Middle Tennessee State University, most of his adult life has been in the mid-state area where he is very active in battlefield preservation, especially in Franklin. He has served as president of Save the Franklin Battlefield and currently serves on the board of Franklin’s Charge. He founded the Franklin Civil War Round Table in 2008, which now has over 125 members and presents lectures and tours on mostly Western Theatre topics. He has spoken to numerous history-related groups, including this past April as a guest historian at the Civil War Trust’s annual meeting in Nashville.

Wade published his first historical novel, Broken Valley, in 2014 which deals with a family’s trials behind the lines in the Sequatchie Valley of East Tennessee. He has written as a staff member for the Civil War News for several years and has been published in historical publications such as Sea Classics and North and South. He currently writes a monthly guest column on the Civil War for the Franklin Home Page.  Wade and his wife, Beth, reside in Franklin. He has three children, two of which serve in the military and the other is a police officer.

The Battle of Spring Hill at December Round Table

On Sunday, December 14th at 3 P.M., the Franklin Civil War Round Table will host historian and author Jamie Gillam, who will present a discussion on the Battle of Spring Hill and the controversial events that led up to the Battle of Franklin one day later.

Having marched into Tennessee under General John Bell Hood, the Army of Tennessee managed, through a series of flanking moves, to cut off a large Federal force under John Schofield from their safe haven in Nashville at Spring Hill. Schofield’s command was trapped and would certainly be destroyed the next day giving the Confederates a major victory and an open path to Franklin and beyond.  Instead, through a series of blunders, misunderstood or not followed orders, fatigue or the general fog of war, this didn’t happen.  In a move that has been studied and debated ever since, the Federals marched right past the Confederate Army and to the relative safety of the earthworks at Franklin, setting up the tragic battle there the very next day.

Gillum is a native Tennessean and author of Twenty-Five Hours to Tragedy: The Battle of Spring Hill and Operations on November 29, 1864: Precursor to the Battle of Franklin.  He has studied events leading up to the Battle of Spring Hill extensively and is considered one of the premier experts on the controversial events.

Gillum served fourteen years in the United State Marine Corps and studied at Middle Tennessee State University with an emphasis in military history.  He has served as assistant military historian at the Carter House in Franklin and has written extensively on Tennesseans in the Civil War as well as the 1864 Tennessee Campaign.